Runway Departure Due to Nosewheel Steering Ineffectiveness

Casualties unknown • Hailey, ID, US

An experienced captain lost directional control during landing on a dry runway with negligible winds, causing the aircraft to depart the right side into snow.

What happened

During the landing phase, the experienced captain encountered an unexpected rightward drift while operating on a dry runway under conditions of negligible wind. Despite applying rudder, power adjustments, and nosewheel steering inputs, these controls proved insufficient to regain directional control. The initial drift quickly translated into a strong swerve to the right. In response, the crew continued to apply full left nosewheel steering and simultaneous braking.

The aircraft ultimately departed from the right side of the runway. Observers noted that the nosewheel tracked straight into the snow without producing skid marks, indicating a lack of traction or steering engagement at the point of impact.

The investigation

Subsequent testing revealed a critical mechanical issue: reduced nosewheel steering effectiveness occurred as nose strut compression decreased due to the engagement of the centering cam. A physical check of the brake and nosewheel steering systems confirmed there was no standard mechanical malfunction or failure in the hardware itself.

Findings

The captain reported that the aircraft had a "nose high" taxi attitude, which contributed to a pitch-sensitive flight characteristic. Furthermore, both the captain and other pilots noted significant difficulty in achieving equal braking pressure during conditions requiring large rudder pedal displacement. This specific handling condition was not addressed in the pilot or operations manuals.

Safety message

The incident highlights a gap in operational guidance regarding nosewheel steering limitations associated with strut compression changes and pitch sensitivity, which are not currently covered in existing flight manuals.

Probable cause

Reduced nosewheel steering effectiveness caused by decreased nose strut compression engaging the centering cam, combined with the aircraft's pitch-sensitive characteristics and unaddressed braking asymmetry during large rudder inputs.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1985-03-09 Fairchild SA-227AC accident near Hailey, ID?

An experienced captain lost directional control during landing on a dry runway with negligible winds, causing the aircraft to depart the right side into snow.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1985-03-09 involved a Fairchild SA-227AC, registration N3115U, operated by Horizon Airlines, Inc., at Hailey, ID.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

Reduced nosewheel steering effectiveness caused by decreased nose strut compression engaging the centering cam, combined with the aircraft's pitch-sensitive characteristics and unaddressed braking asymmetry during large rudder inputs.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001214X36048. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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