Engine Fire and Runway Excursion Following Component Failure

Casualties unknown • Baltimore, MD, US

An aircraft experienced an engine fire and subsequent explosion shortly after takeoff, leading to an emergency landing and runway excursion.

What happened

Following takeoff, as the crew retracted the flaps and landing gear, the low fuel pressure warning light for the #1 engine illuminated. At approximately 400 feet above ground level, a loud bang was heard, followed by an engine fire warning indication.

The flightcrew responded by shutting down the #1 engine and discharging both fire extinguishing bottles. To facilitate an emergency landing, the crew utilized the alternate system to extend the landing gear and performed a no-flap approach. During the landing, the crew applied the emergency brakes; however, they lost directional control, causing the aircraft to exit the side of the runway. The aircraft came to a stop with the fire extinguished. There were no injuries reported.

The investigation

An examination of the #1 engine area identified fire damage to the engine, nacelle, and wheelwell. Investigators discovered that a low fuel pressure warning switch snubber had failed. Evidence indicated that the snubber had been torsionally deformed during installation, which led to fatigue and eventual failure.

Gaps in the firewall allowed leaking fuel spray to enter the hot section of the engine, where it ignited. This ignition resulted in an explosion and subsequent fire. The fire propagation caused damage to the wires for the #1 standby hydraulic pump and resulted in a ruptured line in the #2 hydraulic system.

Probable cause

The engine fire and explosion were caused by the failure of a low fuel pressure warning switch snubber, which had been deformed during installation, allowing fuel to leak through gaps in the firewall into the hot section of the engine.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1992-01-12 DE Havilland DHC-8-102 accident near Baltimore, MD?

An aircraft experienced an engine fire and subsequent explosion shortly after takeoff, leading to an emergency landing and runway excursion.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1992-01-12 involved a DE Havilland DHC-8-102, registration N923HA, operated by Usair Express, at Baltimore, MD.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The engine fire and explosion were caused by the failure of a low fuel pressure warning switch snubber, which had been deformed during installation, allowing fuel to leak through gaps in the firewall into the hot section of the engine.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001211X13942. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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