What happened
The pilot reported conducting what he believed to be a normal, stabilized approach using 28 degrees of flaps and a Vref speed of 133 knots plus 5 knots. During the flare over the runway, the pilot realized the sink rate was not being arrested as intended. In response, the pilot performed a more aggressive pull on the control yoke and advanced the thrust levers by a significant amount.
The aircraft subsequently experienced a hard landing that resulted in substantial damage.
The investigation
Data retrieved from the Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) provided specific details regarding the flight parameters leading to the impact. The airspeed remained above Vref plus 5 knots until the aircraft reached a radio altimeter altitude of 238 feet, at which point the speed was 138.75 knots; following this altitude, the airspeed began to decrease.
At the moment of touchdown on the runway, the airspeed had dropped to 124.75 knots, and the pitch attitude was recorded at 10.62 degrees nose up. The investigation identified a +5.54 G vertical acceleration spike during the landing event.