Incident Overview
A pilot flying a Piper PA-28-181 experienced a total loss of engine power after approximately 2.2 hours of flight. The aircraft subsequently ditched in the Hudson River. The pilot survived the forced landing and later reported that he had not switched fuel tanks during the flight.
Post-Recovery Examination
After the airplane was recovered from the river, inspectors from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) examined the fuel system. The right fuel tank was found to be full of fuel. In contrast, the left tank contained about 5 gallons of water and less than half a cup of fuel. The fuel selector valve was discovered in the position corresponding to the left tank.
Pilot Statement
In an interview following the incident, the pilot stated that he had not performed a tank switch during the flight. The aircraft had departed with full fuel tanks.
Investigation Findings
The condition of the left tank, which held primarily water instead of fuel, combined with the fuel selector being set to that tank, is the focus of the investigation. The right tank remained full of usable fuel.
Conclusion
The engine power loss occurred when the left tank, selected by the fuel valve, provided mostly water to the engine. The pilot's statement of not switching tanks aligns with the fuel system examination.