The private pilot reported that the airplane was a little fast on the approach and he landed with only a quarter of the runway remaining. He stepped on the brakes and the single-engine airplane began to slide. The pilot realized that he was not going to be able to stop the airplane and added full power to go-around. The airplane traveled off the runway and impacted a levee which resulted in substantial damage to the airplane. The pilot reported that there were no mechanical failures with the airplane prior to the accident.