What happened
On August 30, 2024, at 11:32 UTC, an Airbus Helicopters AS350 B3+, registration EC-LBV, operated by HTA Helicópteros, was engaged in a low-altitude aerial firefighting mission near Cambres and Lamego, Portugal. While performing low-altitude operations, the aircraft impacted the surface of a body of water.
The investigation
The GPIAAF investigation examined the flight path, aircraft systems, and environmental conditions. The inquiry focused on the sequence of events leading to the water impact, specifically looking at potential engine failure scenarios, flight control transparency, and the presence of environmental hazards such as bird strikes or glassy water conditions. The investigation also reviewed the regulatory framework for aerial firefighting and the adequacy of pilot training and personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements.
Findings
The investigation identified several contributing human factors and environmental challenges. Key findings included potential issues with situational awareness, such as mission-focused tunnel vision and the management of external pressures. The investigation also noted the presence of challenging environmental conditions, including the potential for glassy water effects during low-altitude maneuvers. Furthermore, gaps were identified in the detail of pilot training regarding human factors and the necessity of standardized personal protective equipment, such as helmets, for high-risk aerial firefighting operations.
Safety action
The GPIAAF issued the following safety recommendations to the National Civil Aviation Authority (ANAC):
- PT.SIA 2023/01 (Reiterated): ANAC should refine and detail training requirements for aerial firefighting pilots, specifically addressing human factors such as loss of situational awareness, tunnel vision, excessive motivation, and CRM (Crew Resource Management) principles.
- PT.SIA 2025/06: ANAC should review the operational requirements for aerial firefighting to align with EASA Part-SPO standards for special operations, specifically making the use of helmets mandatory to mitigate risks identified during the investigation.