What happened
On 17 July 2009, a float-equipped Bell 2CO6L helicopter, registration C-GNLK, was conducting a VFR flight from Kuujjuaq to Kangiqsujuaq, Quebec, for a bird inventory contract. The aircraft was operated by Canadian Helicopters Limited and carried a pilot and an aircraft maintenance engineer.
After an unscheduled stop in Kangirsuk, the helicopter departed for its destination at 1339. Approximately 44 nautical miles from Kangiqsujuaq, the pilot diverted from the direct route, heading north toward the Hudson Strait coast. During this maneuver, the aircraft flew at a low altitude through a valley. While traversing an arm of the sea, the helicopter struck the north rock wall of the valley at approximately 700 feet altitude. The impact destroyed the aircraft, and both occupants sustained fatal injuries.
The investigation
Investigators examined the wreckage and found no evidence of mechanical failure, loss of power, or control malfunction. The investigation focused on the pilot's preparation and decision-making.
It was established that the pilot was unfamiliar with the specific topography and meteorological patterns of Northern Quebec. While the pilot had experience in low-altitude flight and poor visibility, he had not received specific training regarding the coastal terrain or the advection fog common to this region.
Weather data analysis showed that while the pilot obtained weather reports from his company base, he did not contact the Flight Information Centre in Québec to obtain a detailed graphic area forecast (GFA). Had the GFA been reviewed, the pilot might have identified that mist and fog were thickening near the coast, whereas conditions were clearing further inland.
Findings
- The pilot continued the flight in adverse weather while operating in an area where he lacked familiarity with the local topography and weather systems.
- In conditions of reduced visibility, the pilot chose to divert toward the Hudson Strait coast, an area where the weather was deteriorating.
- The chosen diversion route led the aircraft into precipitous terrain that was unsuitable for the low-altitude flight being performed.
- The helicopter struck a rock wall while in controlled flight.