What happened
On 28 May 2017, a Europa aircraft, registration G-NDOL, departed from Coal Aston Airfield for a private flight. Shortly after takeoff, the aircraft failed to achieve a normal rate of climb. Witnesses observed the engine noise reduce and noted the engine appeared to be sputtering. As the aircraft reached the end of the runway, it began a left turn at an altitude of approximately 100 to 150 feet. During this maneuver, the aircraft entered a steep, nose-down descent and struck the ground in a nearby field. The impact was not survivable, resulting in one fatality.
The investigation
The AAIB examined the wreckage and the aircraft's fuel system. Investigators found that the engine was producing significantly reduced power, estimated at roughly 40% of its takeoff capability. The investigation focused on the fuel system configuration, specifically the fuel vapour return line. While the aircraft was approved for use with E5 Mogas, there was no evidence that the required inspection checklists for this fuel type had been completed. The investigation also reviewed the pilot's recent flight history and the maintenance records of the engine and fuel lines.
Findings
- The aircraft experienced a partial loss of engine power, likely caused by fuel vapour disrupting the engine's fuel supply.
- The fuel vapour return line was incorrectly connected to the inlet of the fuel selector valve instead of the fuel tank, which prevented vapours from dissipating and instead routed them back to the engine.
- The use of E5 Mogas, combined with heat soak from the engine and the aircraft being stored in a hangar, increased the risk of vapour lock.
- The pilot attempted a low-level turn, possibly intending to return to the airfield, which led to a stall at an altitude where recovery was impossible.
Safety action
Following the investigation, the LAA issued an Airworthiness Information Leaflet requiring a mandatory inspection of all Europa aircraft operating under an LAA Permit to Fly to ensure the fuel vapour return line is correctly installed.