46 fatalities

Crew's Unpublished Procedure and Compass Error Lead to Mountain Collision Near Mérida (YV1449)

Mérida, VenezuelaTakeoff (climb)

On February 21, 2008, an ATR42-300 (registration YV1449) operated by Santa Barbara Airlines (SBA Airlines) was involved in an aviation accident near Mérida, Venezuela during takeoff. 46 people were killed. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: After departure from runway 25, the crew planned to use an unpublished procedure. Climbing through clouds, a 180-degree turn was initiated. Using the unreliable magnetic compass, the flight made a 270-degree turn, heading towards rising terrain. This summary draws on records from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A).

Sourcesthe Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)Source recordUpdated 2026-07-04Data APIEditorial standards
Aircraft registered YV1449
Aircraft registered YV1449. Photo: Orlando Suárez / CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

After takeoff from Mérida-Alberto Carnevalli Airport, the aircraft climbed in clouds and collided with a mountain 10 km northwest. All 46 occupants died. The failure to follow a proper departure procedure and reliance on an unreliable compass caused the aircraft to turn toward rising terrain.

Summary

On a flight from Mérida-Alberto Carnevalli Airport, the aircraft departed from runway 25. After takeoff, it climbed into clouds and collided with a mountain located 10 km northwest of the airport. The impact caused the aircraft to disintegrate, and all 46 occupants were killed. Wreckage was found at an elevation of 4,100 metres.

Sequence of Events

Following departure from runway 25, the crew intended to use an unpublished departure procedure. While climbing through clouds, a 180-degree turn was initiated. The flight then executed a 270-degree turn using the magnetic compass, which was reported to be unreliable. This turn directed the aircraft toward rising terrain. The captain assumed control from the copilot. When the crew regained visual contact with the terrain, they realized they were heading toward mountains. The captain attempted to avoid the rising terrain, but the aircraft struck the side of a mountain at 4,100 metres.

Probable Cause

The official investigation determined the probable cause to be the crew's decision to use an unpublished procedure after takeoff, followed by a navigation error during a cloud-based turn. The reliance on an unreliable magnetic compass led to a 270-degree turn that set the aircraft on a collision course with mountains. The captain's control input could not prevent impact.

Aftermath

All 46 occupants perished in the accident. The wreckage was recovered at an altitude of 4,100 metres, consistent with the collision point.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 21 Feb 2008 ATR42-300 accident near Mérida, Venezuela?

After takeoff from Mérida-Alberto Carnevalli Airport, the aircraft climbed in clouds and collided with a mountain 10 km northwest. All 46 occupants died. The failure to follow a proper departure procedure and reliance on an unreliable compass caused the aircraft to turn toward rising terrain.

Were there any fatalities in the 21 Feb 2008 ATR42-300 accident?

The accident was fatal, resulting in 46 fatalities.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 21 Feb 2008 involved an ATR42-300, registration YV1449, operated by Santa Barbara Airlines (SBA Airlines), at Mérida, Venezuela.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

After departure from runway 25, the crew planned to use an unpublished procedure. Climbing through clouds, a 180-degree turn was initiated. Using the unreliable magnetic compass, the flight made a 270-degree turn, heading towards rising terrain. The captain took over control from the copilot. When visual contact with…