No fatalities

1992-11-26: Cessna 404 Titan (N5429J) — Tucson Air — Davis-Monthan AFB, United States of America

Davis-Monthan AFB, United States of AmericaLanding (descent or approach)

On November 26, 1992, a Cessna 404 Titan (registration N5429J) operated by Tucson Air was involved in an aviation accident near Davis-Monthan AFB, United States of America during landing or approach. No fatalities were reported. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: The pilot's inflight decision to deviate from the airplane's engine manual and the pilot's operating handbook by maintaining the fuel mixture at full rich throughout the mission and rapidly descending the airplane which resulted in both engine's losing total… This summary draws on records from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A).

Sourcesthe Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)Primary reportUpdated 1781210501Data APIEditorial standards

During a training mission, a pilot maintained full rich mixture and executed a rapid descent. Upon applying power in the traffic pattern, both engines lost power. The subsequent forced landing without flare resulted in ground collision.

Flight Profile

During a 2-hour and 40-minute training mission, the pilot kept the fuel mixture at full rich while operating at a low power setting. After the mission, the pilot climbed the airplane to 9,000 feet above ground level (agl) to clear obstacles en route to the destination. The subsequent descent was conducted at approximately 180 knots indicated airspeed, with the pilot noting that he reduced power more rapidly than usual and descended faster than normal.

Engine Failure

While in the traffic pattern, at an altitude between 800 and 1,000 feet agl, the pilot applied power. Both engines immediately lost total power. The pilot established a glide at 85 knots indicated airspeed, completed emergency procedures, and retracted the landing gear. Efforts to restart the engines were unsuccessful. The pilot did not feather the propellers. Prior to touchdown, the landing gear was extended.

Landing and Examination

The pilot reported that he did not flare the airplane during landing, which resulted in the airplane colliding with the ground. The engine manual and the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) recommend adjusting the fuel mixture for cruise conditions. The engine manual includes a note advising against long descents at low power due to the risk of excessive engine cooling and unsatisfactory acceleration when power is reapplied. For a dual engine failure, the POH recommends feathering the propellers and gliding at 120 knots indicated airspeed.

During the post-accident engine examination, soot was noted on all spark plugs. Both engines were started and ran normally from idle to full acceleration.

Probable cause

The pilot's inflight decision to deviate from the airplane's engine manual and the pilot's operating handbook by maintaining the fuel mixture at full rich throughout the mission and rapidly descending the airplane which resulted in both engine's losing total power. Factors in this accident were: 1) the pilot not following the emergency procedure for both engines failing as outlined in the pilot's operating handbook, and 2) the pilot not performing a flare during the landing sequence which resulted in the airplane colliding with the terrain.