What happened
On November 6, 2023, at approximately 20:30 UTC, a Boeing 787-10, registration PH-BKA, was performing an RNP W (AR) approach to runway 32R at El Dorado International Airport (SKBO). As the aircraft reached 600 feet above the airport elevation, the crew observed an Airbus A320, registration HK5390, positioned at the threshold of runway 32R, prepared for takeoff.
The crew of the Boeing 787-10 notified the Tower Controller that they were on final approach. However, the controller subsequently issued takeoff clearance to the Airbus A320. While the crew initially received a landing clearance, they observed the Airbus A3 and20 accelerating down the runway. Due to the perceived slow acceleration of the departing aircraft and the presence of the runway occupant, the crew decided to execute a go-around maneuver.
During the missed approach, the Boeing 787-10 performed a climbing right turn to maintain separation. Simultaneously, the Airbus A320 also initiated a right turn, causing the flight paths to converge. This maneuver triggered a TCAS TA (Traffic Advisory) and a subsequent TCAS RA (Resolution Advisory) for the crew. The aircraft eventually stabilized at 13,000 feet after receiving new instructions from Approach Control.
The investigation
The investigation by the DIACC examined several critical elements, including flight progress strips, controller reports, pilot statements, and radio frequency recordings. Investigators analyzed the sequence of communications between the Tower and both aircraft, as well as the use of the RNP AR procedures. The investigation also reviewed airport security camera footage and the application of standard phraseology by the Air Traffic Controller (CTA).
Findings
- The primary cause of the incident was the inappropriate management of a contingency situation by the controller, specifically authorizing a takeoff while another aircraft was still occupying the runway.
- The controller issued a landing clearance to the Boeing 787-10 despite the Airbus A320 being in the process of taking off.
- There were significant deficiencies in the application of standard aviation phraseology during the event.
- The investigation noted a lack of a "sterile cockpit" environment within the Control Tower, which may have impacted situational awareness.
- The existing operational agreement between Approach and Tower was found to be outdated.
- The controller's focus was compromised by the use of electronic devices, which is prohibited under local regulations.