What happened
On a recent flight, an Airbus A321-231, registration SU-BQL, was landing on runway 04R at Cairo International Airport. During the landing roll, the aircraft experienced a heavy landing, characterized by high vertical acceleration. Following the touchdown, the crew identified a flat tire. The aircraft subsequently taxied toward the gate, but the incident involved complications regarding braking and cooling procedures.
The investigation
The investigation examined the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit actions. It was established that during the landing phase, the auto brake system was set to the MAX mode. However, the FDR indicated a low deceleration rate and an auto brake fault. The investigation also reviewed the crew's use of the brake fan switch. According to the Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM), the brake fans should typically be delayed until five minutes after landing or until approaching the gate, unless high brake temperatures are expected.
Findings
- The aircraft experienced a heavy landing with significant vertical acceleration recorded by the FDR.
- A flat tire occurred during the landing roll, likely related to the impact or foreign object debris (FOD).
- The crew had selected the Auto Brake MAX setting, but the system failed to provide the expected deceleration rate, resulting in a low deceleration rate and an auto brake fault.
- There was an improper application of the brake fan switch, as the crew activated it prematurely, contrary to standard operating procedures which suggest delaying use until the aircraft is closer to the gate.
- The investigation noted that for the MAX mode to activate correctly, ground spoilers must extend; however, the deceleration rate remained low.