Fatal propeller system failure involving Twin Turboprop

23 fatalities • Brunswick-Malcolm McKinnon, United States of America • Landing (descent or approach)

An aircraft experienced a sudden roll and nose-down descent, resulting in a crash that claimed all 23 people on board.

What happened

During the flight, observers noted the aircraft performed an abrupt left turn or roll, eventually reaching a position where the wings were perpendicular to the earth. Following this maneuver, the plane entered a nose-down descent. The impact resulted in the total destruction of the aircraft and the deaths of all 23 occupants.

Findings

Post-accident investigations focused on the left propeller components. Analysis revealed that the blade angle on the left propeller was approximately 3°, even though the propeller control unit (pcu) ballscrew position indicated a commanded angle of 79.2°.

Technical examination identified significant wear on the teeth of the pcu quill spline. This wear occurred where the quill engaged the titanium-nitrided splines of the propeller transfer tube. Because the titanium-nitrided surface of the transfer tube was harder and rougher than the surface of the quill, it functioned similarly to a file, leading to the degradation of the gear teeth. It was determined that the wear of the quill was not accounted for during the certification process of the propeller system.

Probable cause

Excessive wear on the propeller control unit quill spline, caused by abrasive interaction with the transfer tube, led to an uncommanded change in propeller blade angle.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1991-04-05 Embraer EMB-120 Brasília accident near Brunswick-Malcolm McKinnon, United States of America?

An aircraft experienced a sudden roll and nose-down descent, resulting in a crash that claimed all 23 people on board.

Were there any fatalities in the 1991-04-05 Embraer EMB-120 Brasília accident?

The accident was fatal, resulting in 23 fatalities.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1991-04-05 involved a Embraer EMB-120 Brasília, registration N270AS, operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines - ASA, at Brunswick-Malcolm McKinnon, United States of America.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

Excessive wear on the propeller control unit quill spline, caused by abrasive interaction with the transfer tube, led to an uncommanded change in propeller blade angle.

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