3 fatalities

Fatal Crash of Private Aircraft Near Airport During SVFR Approach (N38688)

Holyoke, MA, US

On October 3, 1986, a Piper PA-28-140 (registration N38688) operated by Gerald C. White was involved in an aviation accident near Holyoke, MA. 3 people were killed. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: The pilot's failure to maintain visual reference with the runway environment while operating in marginal weather conditions, which resulted in a controlled flight into terrain. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-06-20Data APIEditorial standards

A private aircraft crashed into a rocky slope while attempting a special visual flight rules arrival after sunset, killing the pilot and two passengers in poor weather conditions.

What happened

The aircraft was operating under a special visual flight rules (SVFR) clearance when it impacted a rock face slope located approximately two miles east of the airport. The accident occurred more than one hour after sunset, during twilight or dark conditions. At the time of the incident, the pilot did not hold an instrument rating, limiting their ability to navigate solely by reference to instruments in deteriorating weather.

Findings

A special weather observation was taken immediately following the crash. The conditions were reported as having a ceiling of 400 feet broken and 1,400 feet overcast. Visibility was reduced to one and a half miles due to light rain and fog. These meteorological factors likely contributed to spatial disorientation or loss of visual reference for the pilot.

Safety message

Pilots operating under SVFR in marginal weather conditions near terrain must maintain strict situational awareness. The combination of low ceilings, reduced visibility, and post-sunset operations significantly increases the risk of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT), especially without instrument proficiency.

Probable cause

The pilot's failure to maintain visual reference with the runway environment while operating in marginal weather conditions, which resulted in a controlled flight into terrain.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001213X35038. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.