Casualties unknown

Agricultural aircraft overruns runway after load dump due to heat (N42404)

Hazel Green, AL, US

On August 13, 1988, a Cessna 188 (registration N42404) operated by Buster Thornton was involved in an aviation accident near Hazel Green, AL. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: The pilot's failure to account for the effects of high temperature and density altitude on aircraft performance, which resulted in an inability to climb after takeoff. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-06-10Data APIEditorial standards

A pilot attempted a takeoff in high temperatures, realizing the chemical load was too heavy. He dumped part of it, but the aircraft settled back and struck electric fences.

What happened

The pilot reported that he had been operating off an unpaved strip throughout the day as ambient temperatures climbed to 101 degrees Fahrenheit. During his final takeoff attempt of the day, he determined that the chemical load carried was excessive for the prevailing atmospheric conditions. He estimated the density altitude at 4000 feet.

To reduce weight, the pilot dumped a portion of the chemical payload while airborne. Despite this action, the aircraft failed to gain sufficient lift and settled back onto the ground. The aircraft then continued forward, crossing over two electric fences before coming to rest with damage sustained to the airframe.

The investigation

No mechanical examination was reported in the source material. The investigation focused on the environmental conditions and the pilot's operational decisions regarding weight and balance.

Findings

The primary factors contributing to the accident were the high ambient temperature and the resulting density altitude, which degraded aircraft performance. The excessive chemical load further reduced the aircraft's ability to climb out of the ground effect or clear obstacles. The decision to dump the load was made too late in the takeoff roll to prevent the ground contact.

Safety message

Pilots operating agricultural aircraft in high-temperature conditions must carefully calculate density altitude and ensure that the total weight, including chemical loads, remains within performance limits for safe takeoff.

Probable cause

The pilot's failure to account for the effects of high temperature and density altitude on aircraft performance, which resulted in an inability to climb after takeoff.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001213X26428. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.