Casualties unknown

First Flight with Part 135 Operator Ends in Mountain Collision After VFR Deviation (N1231M)

Albuquerque, NM, US

On December 18, 1991, a Cessna 210M (registration N1231M) operated by South Arero, Inc. was involved in an aviation accident near Albuquerque, NM. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: INSUFFICIENT TERRAIN CLEARANCE ALTITUDE SELECTED BY THE PILOT IN COMMAND. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-07-04Data APIEditorial standards

On his inaugural flight for an all-cargo Part 135 operator, a pilot flying VFR deviated from a briefed route and collided with a 10,600-ft mountain south of the intended path, despite maintaining assigned altitude.

Departure Briefing and Flight Plan

The pilot was on his first flight with the all-cargo Part 135 operator. He did not possess a Part 135 IFR check and was required to fly VFR on this flight. Prior to departure, the chief pilot briefed him to fly runway heading after departing Runway 12 at Albuquerque International Airport and to climb to 9,500 feet. This altitude would have provided terrain clearance while transiting a pass and would have ensured a minimum of 1,000 feet clearance below the cloud layer, which was reported as 11,000 feet overcast.

Takeoff and Radar Track

After takeoff, radar data showed that the pilot turned right and proceeded along a path corresponding approximately to the 120-degree radial of the Albuquerque VORTAC. The aircraft's transponder Mode C readout indicated an altitude of 9,500 feet. Radar plotting confirmed that the aircraft maintained this approximate path and altitude until it collided with a 10,600-foot mountain located south of the flight path that the pilot had been instructed to follow.

Training and Regulatory Context

The pilot had received no training from the company for this operation. According to the operator, no additional training was required by FAA regulations because the pilot came aboard with a current Part 135 check.

Accident Summary

The accident occurred on the pilot's first flight with the operator. The aircraft, flying VFR, was following a route that took it south of the intended path, leading to impact with high terrain at an altitude consistent with the briefed climb target. The collision resulted in damage to the aircraft.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 18 Dec 1991 Cessna 210M accident near Albuquerque, NM?

On his inaugural flight for an all-cargo Part 135 operator, a pilot flying VFR deviated from a briefed route and collided with a 10,600-ft mountain south of the intended path, despite maintaining assigned altitude.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 18 Dec 1991 involved a Cessna 210M, registration N1231M, operated by South Arero, Inc., at Albuquerque, NM.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

INSUFFICIENT TERRAIN CLEARANCE ALTITUDE SELECTED BY THE PILOT IN COMMAND.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001212X18581. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.