Casualties unknown

Fuel Vapor Explosion Damages Right Wing During Engine Start (N11BU)

Hayward, CA, US

On July 3, 1992, a Cessna 421B (registration N11BU) operated by Professional Pilot Associates was involved in an aviation accident near Hayward, CA. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: Fuel vapor ignition due to overpriming and a preexisting fuel leak near the right engine's auxiliary fuel pump. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-06-19Data APIEditorial standards

A preexisting fuel leak near the right engine's auxiliary pump allowed vapor to accumulate. When the pilot attempted to start the engine, the vapor ignited, causing a significant explosion that tore open the upper skin panels of the right wing.

What happened

The incident occurred during an engine start operation when the pilot reported overpriming the right engine. This action led to an accumulation of fuel vapor in the area outboard of the right engine. The accumulated vapor subsequently exploded, resulting in significant structural damage to the aircraft's wing.

Specifically, the force of the explosion ripped open a portion of the right wing's upper skin panels that was approximately one yard in length. Evidence indicated that there was an uncorrected preexisting fuel leak located near the right engine's auxiliary fuel pump, which likely contributed to the presence of excess fuel vapor.

The investigation

Investigation findings confirmed the physical damage described above. Investigators observed clear signs of the explosion on the upper surface of the right wing. Additionally, evidence was found pointing to a preexisting fuel leak in the vicinity of the right engine's auxiliary fuel pump. This leak had not been corrected prior to the incident.

Findings

The pilot reported that he held an A and P mechanic certificate. He also stated that he owned, operated, and maintained the airplane himself. The combination of the uncorrected fuel leak and the overpriming during start-up created the conditions for the vapor explosion.

Probable cause

Fuel vapor ignition due to overpriming and a preexisting fuel leak near the right engine's auxiliary fuel pump.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 3 Jul 1992 Cessna 421B accident near Hayward, CA?

A preexisting fuel leak near the right engine's auxiliary pump allowed vapor to accumulate. When the pilot attempted to start the engine, the vapor ignited, causing a significant explosion that tore open the upper skin panels of the right wing.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 3 Jul 1992 involved a Cessna 421B, registration N11BU, operated by Professional Pilot Associates, at Hayward, CA.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

Fuel vapor ignition due to overpriming and a preexisting fuel leak near the right engine's auxiliary fuel pump.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001211X15178. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.