What happened
The aircraft was engaged in a cross-country flight operation when it encountered instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). During the cruise portion of the flight, the pilot became increasingly concerned about the remaining fuel status. This concern arose because the aircraft encountered headwinds that were significantly stronger than the wind velocities utilized during the preflight planning phase.
In an effort to conserve fuel and reach a suitable airport for refueling, the pilot attempted to land at various alternate airports. However, despite these efforts, the aircraft ultimately exhausted its fuel supply while en route to one of these alternates. The pilot was forced to execute a landing without engine power. During the subsequent forced landing roll, the aircraft struck a fence, resulting in substantial damage to the airframe.
The investigation
The investigation focused on the operational circumstances leading up to the accident. Key findings included the discrepancy between planned and actual wind conditions. The headwinds encountered were in excess of those used for planning the flight, which accelerated fuel consumption beyond initial estimates. The mechanical condition of the aircraft was consistent with normal operation until fuel exhaustion occurred.
Findings
The primary factor contributing to this accident was the pilot's failure to account for stronger-than-forecast headwinds during preflight planning. This miscalculation led to a critical shortage of usable fuel. Additionally, the decision-making process regarding alternate airport selection and fuel reserves did not prevent the eventual exhaustion of fuel supplies. The resulting forced landing caused substantial damage due to the impact with a fence.
Safety message
Pilots must carefully evaluate weather forecasts during preflight planning, particularly wind components for cross-country flights. Actual winds often differ significantly from predictions. It is critical to calculate fuel requirements based on realistic wind conditions and include adequate reserves to handle unexpected deviations or delays in reaching an alternate airport.