What happened
The pilot reported that the aircraft was operating near its maximum gross weight limit during the approach phase. The flight crew established a final approach configuration for a short-field landing procedure, maintaining an indicated airspeed of 80 knots. As the aircraft descended to approximately ten feet above ground level, directly over the runway threshold, it began to slip sideways laterally. This lateral displacement led to an immediate aerodynamic stall. The aircraft subsequently impacted the runway surface with a significant side load applied to the landing gear structure.
The investigation
The investigation focused on the pilot's account of the flight dynamics during the final moments of the approach. Analysis confirmed that the aircraft was operating at or near maximum gross weight, which can significantly affect stall characteristics and control authority. The specific airspeed of 80 knots was noted as part of the established approach profile for the short-field maneuver.
Findings
The primary factors contributing to the incident included the maximum gross weight condition and the aerodynamic instability encountered at low altitude. The stall occurred due to a combination of the slip and the proximity to the runway surface, leaving insufficient altitude to recover. The resulting side load on the landing gear was a direct consequence of the uncontrolled lateral movement during the stall.
Safety message
Pilots should be aware that operating at maximum gross weight can degrade aircraft performance and increase stall speeds. Careful management of airspeed and configuration is critical during short-field landings, particularly when approaching the runway threshold at low altitudes where recovery options are limited.