Serious incident involving a Tecnam P 2006T at EPBY (SP-ZNA)

Incident Overview and Investigation Status On 23 March 2025, a serious aviation incident occurred at EPBY involving a Tecnam P 2006T aircraft, registration SP-ZNA. The Polish State Commission for Aviation Accident Investigation (PKBWL) issued its decision on 4 June 2025, concluding the investigation after reviewing the final report from the investigating entity. The commission found the results sufficient to close the case. ## Flight Details and Sequence of Events The aircraft was operated by a flight instructor and a student pilot conducting training flights for a CPL(A) MEP COMPLEX license. During the pre-flight briefing, the planned exercises included simulated engine failures. After completing six training flights, the crew landed on runway 08 with the landing gear retracted. According to the crew's account, the aircraft was configured for landing with flaps in the takeoff position, fuel pumps on, and carburetor heat off. During the final approach, the crew called and checked the final checklist items, including flaps, carburetor heat, engine and propeller levers, and landing gear down with three green lights. After landing, the crew reported the gear-up landing via radio to AFIS on 131.005 MHz and switched off the electrical power. The crew informed AFIS by telephone that the aircraft was on the runway without landing gear near taxiway C, and that no one was injured. When emergency services and police arrived, the crew tested negative for alcohol. After photographic documentation, the organization received permission to remove the aircraft. Airport services lifted the aircraft using air cushions, the landing gear was properly extended, and the aircraft was moved to the organization's hangar. ## Contributing Factors and Human Performance The instructor stated that during the final circuit, the crew was informed that a Cessna 150 was flying ahead of them on the circuit. Because the Cessna's approach speed was lower than the Tecnam's, the instructor focused on maintaining proper separation and visual contact with the Cessna. The student pilot concentrated on maintaining speed and runway alignment. The instructor acknowledged that during the final phase of the flight, he was focused on maintaining safe separation between the aircraft and did not devote sufficient attention to supervising the student's actions. ## Findings and Safety Actions The investigation identified the following causes: 1. Lack of supervision by the instructor over the completion of checklists, including failure to verify the student's actions and failure to react to potential deviations in checklist implementation. 2. Failure of the crew to actually confirm the landing gear position, despite calling the checklist item 'GEAR DOWN'. 3. Failure to extend the landing gear before landing, resulting from a procedural error and lack of effective control by the instructor. Contributing factors included: 1. Significant cognitive and task load on the instructor, who was focused on maintaining separation from a slower aircraft (Cessna 150) ahead on the circuit. 2. The presence of other aircraft with significantly different performance characteristics in the same circuit. The commission accepted the following preventive actions proposed or implemented by the investigating entity: 1. Suspension of the instructor and student from flying until the cause of the serious incident was clarified by PKBWL. 2. Conducting an individual refresher training program for the instructor after the incident. 3. Review and verification of the warning signals in the Tecnam P2006T (sound, indicators, operating principle) through additional theoretical training. 4. Training in Crew Resource Management (CRM), particularly in the context of working with a student on multi-engine aircraft. The commission did not issue additional safety recommendations.