What happened
During a nighttime arrival in weather characterized by drizzle and fog, the pilot was executing an ILS runway 1L approach. During this phase of flight, the pilot reported experiencing moderate rime ice accumulation. Radar tracking indicated that the aircraft type remained on the localizer until approaching the middle marker, at which point it drifted approximately 20 degrees to the left and struck the ground roughly 300 feet short and 300 feet left of the runway threshold.
Eyewitness accounts suggested that prior to the impact, the aircraft's descent leveled off and its airspeed decreased before entering a steep descent and subsequent spin. Post-accident inspections of the airframe revealed no mechanical failures regarding the engines, control systems, or structural integrity. However, investigators noted 1/4 inch of ice on the leading edges and a 1/2 inch ridge of ice located 3 inches behind the deicing boots. Additionally, the heating systems for the windshield and cockpit were found in the 'off' position.
Findings
Investigation into the operator's records revealed discrepancies regarding the pilot's recent training documentation. While company files indicated a successful Part 135 checkride on May 20, 1994, signed by the chief pilot, other evidence suggested the chief pilot could not have performed the evaluation on that specific date.
Contributing factors included the presence of icing conditions and the accumulation of ice on the wings. The investigation also highlighted the pilot's failure to maintain sufficient airspeed during the final approach, alongside improper use of anti-ice equipment and insufficient pilot training for flight in icing environments. Furthermore, there was a noted lack of adequate operational oversight by company management.