153 fatalities

1982-07-09: Boeing 727-200 (N4737) — Pan American World Airways - PAA — New Orleans-Louis Armstrong (Moisant), United States of America

New Orleans-Louis Armstrong (Moisant), United States of AmericaTakeoff (climb)

On July 9, 1982, a Boeing 727-200 (registration N4737) operated by Pan American World Airways - PAA was involved in an aviation accident near New Orleans-Louis Armstrong (Moisant), United States of America during takeoff. 153 people were killed. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: The aircraft encountered a microburst-induced windshear that produced a downdraft and decreasing headwind during takeoff, which was difficult for the crew to recognize and counteract. This summary draws on records from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A); 8 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)Primary reportUpdated 1781221369Data APIEditorial standards
Boeing 727-200
Photo: Pete Macklin / CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

A Pan Am Boeing 727 crashed into a residential area near New Orleans following an encounter with severe windshear during takeoff.

What happened

On the afternoon of the accident, Pan Am Flight 759, a Boeing 727 operating as "Clipper Defiance", was preparing for departure from New Orleans International Airport. The aircraft was scheduled to travel from Miami to Las Vegas with an intermediate stop in New Orleans. During taxiing toward runway 10, the flightcrew received notifications regarding low-level windshear alerts across various quadrants of the airport due to a passing frontal system.

As the aircraft moved toward the active runway, ground control reported increasing winds and significant gusts. In response to these conditions, the captain instructed the crew to prepare for takeoff by adjusting engine settings, specifically deciding to deactivate the air conditioning packs to allow for higher engine thrust.

At approximately 16:06:22, the flight notified the tower of its readiness for departure and received takeoff clearance. The Boeing 727 began its takeoff roll at 16:07:57. Witnesses observed the aircraft lifting off roughly 7,000 feet down the runway. After reaching an altitude between 100 and 150 feet, the plane entered a descent toward nearby trees. The subsequent impact and following fire destroyed the aircraft and resulted in 8 fatalities on the ground.

Findings

Investigations concluded that the aircraft encountered a microburst-induced windshear during the takeoff and initial climb phase. This meteorological event created a downdraft combined with a loss of headwind, making it extremely difficult for the pilot to identify and correct the descent before hitting the trees. The accident was further compounded by the technological limitations of ground-based windshear detection systems available at the time, which were unable to provide sufficiently precise guidance to prevent the encounter.

Probable cause

The aircraft encountered a microburst-induced windshear that produced a downdraft and decreasing headwind during takeoff, which was difficult for the crew to recognize and counteract.