What happened
During a nighttime departure from runway 23 at Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport, the four-engine aircraft began its ascent following a straight path. However, the plane was unable to achieve the necessary altitude during the initial climb. While flying at an elevation of approximately 100 feet, the aircraft collided with a stand of pine trees. The impact caused the plane to stall and subsequently crash into a forested area situated roughly 1,050 meters beyond the runway threshold. A fire broke out following the collision, leading to the total destruction of the airframe. The accident resulted in 54 fatalities, including all 9 crew members and 45 passengers. Additionally, 11 passengers sustained serious injuries.
Findings
Official investigations concluded that the accident likely stemmed from a combination of several critical factors. Potential contributors included engine failure, improper configuration of flaps or landing gear, control system malfunctions, or cockpit errors. The investigation also noted the possibility of erroneous instrument readings, such as incorrect altimeter settings, faulty artificial horizons, or issues with the anemometer and variometer. A key finding was that during the initial climb segment, even a minor increase in speed could significantly reduce the rate of climb or cause a loss of altitude. Because this phase involves rapid changes in flight parameters and high-intensity cockpit workloads, the investigators determined that failure to maintain optimum climbing speed and monitor the altimeter could lead to a dangerous descent toward the ground.