No fatalities

2013-08-25: Piper PA-46 (Malibu/Meridian/Mirage/Matrix/M-Class) (N720JF) — Pure Beauty Farms — Cat Cay, Bahamas

Cat Cay, BahamasTakeoff (climb)

On August 25, 2013, a Piper PA-46 (Malibu/Meridian/Mirage/Matrix/M-Class) (registration N720JF) operated by Pure Beauty Farms was involved in an aviation accident near Cat Cay, Bahamas during takeoff. No fatalities were reported. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: The pilot's attempt to rotate the airplane before obtaining sufficient airspeed and his improper pitch control during takeoff, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and subsequently experiencing an aerodynamic stall at a low… This summary draws on records from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A); 8 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)Primary reportUpdated 1781194018Data APIEditorial standards

A pilot attempting takeoff from a 1,300-ft runway with 10° flaps experienced a loss of control after rotating at 80 knots, resulting in an aerodynamic stall and water impact. The engine was found to be functional.

Accident Overview

According to the pilot, he applied full power, set the flaps at 10 degrees, released the brakes, and rotated the airplane after reaching 80 knots. The engine subsequently lost total power when the airplane was about 150 ft above ground level. The airplane then impacted water in a nose-down, right-wing-low attitude about 300 ft from the end of the runway.

Pilot's Misperception

The pilot reported that he thought the runway was 1,900 ft long; however, it was only 1,300 ft long. The Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) indicated that with flap settings of 0 and 20 degrees, the takeoff ground roll would have been 1,700 and 1,150 ft, respectively. No ground roll distance was specified for 10 degrees of flaps, although the POH stated that 10 degrees of flaps could be used. It is likely that the airplane would have required more than 1,300 ft for takeoff with 10 degrees of flaps.

Engine Examination

Examination of the engine revealed saltwater corrosion throughout it, likely due to the airplane's submersion after the accident. No other mechanical malfunctions or abnormalities were noted. Data from the multifunction display (MFD) and primary flight display (PFD) showed that engine parameters were in the normal operating range until the end of the recordings. The data also indicated that, 7 seconds before the end of the recordings, the airplane pitched up from 0 to about 17 degrees and then rolled 17 degrees left wing down while continuing to pitch up to 20 degrees. The airplane then rolled 77 degrees right wing down and pitched down about 50 degrees. The highest recorded airspeed was about 70 knots, occurring about 1 second before the end of the recordings.

Stall Characteristics

The POH stated that stall speed for the airplane was between 65 and 71 knots, depending on landing gear position, flap setting, and bank angle. Based on the evidence, it is likely that the engine did not lose power as reported by the pilot. As the airplane approached the end of the runway and the pilot realized it was not long enough for his planned takeoff, he attempted to lift off at an insufficient airspeed and at too high of a pitch angle, resulting in an aerodynamic stall at a low altitude. If the pilot had known the actual runway length, he might have used a flap setting of 20 degrees, which would have provided sufficient distance for the takeoff.

Probable cause

The pilot's attempt to rotate the airplane before obtaining sufficient airspeed and his improper pitch control during takeoff, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle-of-attack and subsequently experiencing an aerodynamic stall at a low altitude. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of awareness of the length of the runway, which led to his attempting to take off with the airplane improperly configured.