What happened
The aircraft was involved in a fatal accident during a forced landing after experiencing total fuel exhaustion on the final segment of a cross-country flight. The pilot had departed from an intermediate stop with an estimated 45 minutes of remaining fuel but failed to refuel at any of the five enroute stops made during the journey.
While operating approximately nine miles from the intended destination, the engine ceased operation at an altitude of 4,500 feet. Unable to maintain flight, the pilot attempted to glide the aircraft to a landing site. The aircraft subsequently collided with trees during this forced landing sequence.
The investigation
Post-accident examination of the airframe revealed significant structural damage consistent with impact with terrain and vegetation. A detailed inspection of the fuel system was conducted by the aircraft owner to determine the cause of the engine failure.
The inspection findings indicated a complete lack of usable fuel in the main tanks. Specifically, only six ounces of fuel were found remaining in one tank, while the other tank was entirely empty. Additionally, the carburetor bowl contained approximately one and one-half ounces of fuel, confirming that the engine had starved for fuel prior to stopping.
Findings
The primary factor leading to this accident was the pilot's decision to conduct a multi-leg cross-country flight without refueling at intermediate stops. Despite having sufficient time estimated for the final leg, the cumulative fuel burn across all segments exceeded the initial fuel load. The failure to perform enroute refueling resulted in total fuel exhaustion, causing the engine to stop and preventing the pilot from reaching a safe landing area.
Safety message
Pilots conducting cross-country flights must plan for adequate fuel reserves and refuel at every opportunity, especially when operating older aircraft or on long legs. Estimating remaining time is insufficient if the actual consumption rate exceeds expectations or if stops are missed.