Casualties unknown

Aircraft Crashes While Maneuvering in IFR Conditions After Pilot Reports Fire and Gyro Failure (N2938X)

Napa, CA, US

On January 8, 1988, a Piper PA-28-181 (registration N2938X) was involved in an aviation accident near Napa, CA. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: PILOT'S INFLIGHT LOSS OF CONTROL OF THE AIRCRAFT WHILE MANEUVERING IN IFR CONDITIONS AFTER BECOMING DISORIENTED WHILE EXECUTING AN INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive; 4 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-07-04Data APIEditorial standards

A pilot returning from a two-week vacation, with partial fuel on one side and full on the other, flew into worse than forecast weather, held for 47 minutes, then crashed while maneuvering in IFR conditions after reporting a fire and gyro failure; no evidence of those failures was found.

Accident Summary

A pilot, returning from a two-week vacation trip to Arizona, experienced an accident while maneuvering in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) after reporting a fire and loss of gyroscopic instruments. The aircraft crashed during the approach phase. No evidence of a fire or gyro failure was found during the subsequent investigation.

Weather and Fuel

During an en route stop, the pilot ordered the aircraft fueled to partial tank capacity on one side and full on the other. The pilot also obtained a weather briefing that advised against visual flight rules (VFR) flight due to clouds, fog, and rain. The pilot held an instrument rating but was not current. Despite the briefing, the pilot continued to the destination, where the weather conditions were worse than forecast.

Approach and Holding

The pilot requested an approach from Oakland Center and was given holding instructions, with an advisory of delays due to heavy instrument flight rules (IFR) traffic. At that time, the aircraft had approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes of fuel remaining. The pilot held for 47 minutes before an approach clearance was issued.

Final Maneuver and Crash

On the approach, the pilot reported the VOR inbound, but radar data showed the aircraft was over the airport instead. The aircraft was 3 miles past the airport when controllers informed the pilot of his position. The pilot then claimed there was a fire and that he had lost his gyros, requesting vectors to the airport. The aircraft crashed while maneuvering in IFR conditions. No evidence of a fire or gyro malfunction was found after the crash.

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Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 8 Jan 1988 Piper PA-28-181 accident near Napa, CA?

A pilot returning from a two-week vacation, with partial fuel on one side and full on the other, flew into worse than forecast weather, held for 47 minutes, then crashed while maneuvering in IFR conditions after reporting a fire and gyro failure; no evidence of those failures was found.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 8 Jan 1988 involved a Piper PA-28-181, registration N2938X, at Napa, CA.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

PILOT'S INFLIGHT LOSS OF CONTROL OF THE AIRCRAFT WHILE MANEUVERING IN IFR CONDITIONS AFTER BECOMING DISORIENTED WHILE EXECUTING AN INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE. FACTORS IN THE ACCIDENT WERE THE PILOTS LACK OF RECENT INSTRUMENT FLIGHT EXPERIENCE AND THE AIRCRAFT FUEL STATE WHICH WAS NEAR EXHAUSTION. CONTRIBUTING TO…

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001213X24915. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.