Casualties unknown

Overweight and Aft CG Night Flight Ends in Mountain Impact (N4384L)

Fredonia, AZ, US

On February 17, 1991, a Piper PA-28-181 (registration N4384L) operated by South Bay Aviation Inc. was involved in an aviation accident near Fredonia, AZ. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: THE PILOT'S INATTENTION TO THE AIRSPEED AND SUBSEQUENT LOSS OF AIRCRAFT CONTROL AFTER ATTEMPTING VFR FLIGHT INTO ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS. CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCIDENT WAS THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE HIS LIMITATIONS OF HIS AIRCRAFT. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive; 4 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-07-04Data APIEditorial standards

A 22-year-old pilot with 72 flight hours and three passengers departed on a night flight in a rented aircraft that was 68 pounds over gross and 1 inch aft of the CG limit. The flight tracked meanderingly for 1 hour 39 minutes, then impacted terrain at 7,000 feet MSL in a flat spin.

Accident Overview

The pilot, aged 22 with approximately 72 hours of flight experience, and three passengers embarked on a three-day excursion to Bryce Canyon and the Grand Canyon. The rented aircraft departed at night, exceeding its maximum takeoff weight by 68 pounds and with the center of gravity positioned 1 inch aft of the most rearward allowable limit.

Flight History

After reaching the first destination and spending the day sightseeing, the group departed again at night for the Grand Canyon. The planned 56-minute leg was tracked on radar for a total of 1 hour and 39 minutes, during which the aircraft's track meandered and varied in altitude, reaching up to 13,400 feet MSL.

Aircraft Fuel State

The aircraft departed with 1 hour and 40 minutes of fuel in each tank. At the accident site, the right fuel tank was found full, while the left tank was empty. The fuel selector was positioned to the left tank.

Weather and Terrain

Weather conditions at the time were marginal, with snow showers reported. The aircraft impacted mountainous terrain at an elevation of approximately 7,000 feet MSL. The impact occurred while the aircraft was in a flat spin.

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Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 17 Feb 1991 Piper PA-28-181 accident near Fredonia, AZ?

A 22-year-old pilot with 72 flight hours and three passengers departed on a night flight in a rented aircraft that was 68 pounds over gross and 1 inch aft of the CG limit. The flight tracked meanderingly for 1 hour 39 minutes, then impacted terrain at 7,000 feet MSL in a flat spin.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 17 Feb 1991 involved a Piper PA-28-181, registration N4384L, operated by South Bay Aviation Inc., at Fredonia, AZ.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

THE PILOT'S INATTENTION TO THE AIRSPEED AND SUBSEQUENT LOSS OF AIRCRAFT CONTROL AFTER ATTEMPTING VFR FLIGHT INTO ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS. CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCIDENT WAS THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE HIS LIMITATIONS OF HIS AIRCRAFT.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001212X16460. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.