Casualties unknown

Piper PA-23 Ditching After Engine Failure During Banner Tow (N4401M)

Myrtle Beach, SC, US

On July 8, 1991, a Piper PA-12 (registration N4401M) operated by Sky Signs, Inc. was involved in an aviation accident near Myrtle Beach, SC. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: The failure of the number four cylinder exhaust valve at the piston end, which led to an in-flight engine failure. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive; 2 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-06-10Data APIEditorial standards

A Piper PA-23 Aztec experienced an in-flight engine failure while towing a banner, forcing the pilot to ditch the aircraft in the ocean near a public beach to avoid populated areas.

What happened

The incident occurred during a banner tow flight operation. Approximately thirty minutes into the mission, the aircraft's engine began to run roughly. At the time of the malfunction, the airplane was positioned at an altitude of 300 feet above the ocean, adjacent to a public beach. Due to the loss of power and the inability to maintain altitude, the pilot made the decision to ditch the aircraft in the water rather than risk landing on the crowded shoreline.

The investigation

Following the accident, a subsequent examination of the engine was conducted to determine the cause of the failure. The inspection revealed that the exhaust valve for number four cylinder had broken at the piston end. Records indicated that the engine had accumulated 1939 hours since its last overhaul.

Findings

The mechanical failure of the exhaust valve in the number four cylinder was the primary factor leading to the loss of power. The aircraft involved was a Piper PA-23 Aztec. The flight phase was identified as banner tow. No fatalities or injuries were reported in this account, though the specific count is not explicitly detailed beyond the ditching event.

Safety message

The incident highlights the risks associated with mechanical failures during low-altitude operations over water near populated areas. Proper maintenance and monitoring of engine hours since overhaul are critical for preventing such failures.

Probable cause

The failure of the number four cylinder exhaust valve at the piston end, which led to an in-flight engine failure.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001212X17435. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.