Casualties unknown

1991-10-26: Cessna 152 (N24431) — Silver Express — Valkaria, FL

Valkaria, FL, US

On October 26, 1991, a Cessna 152 (registration N24431) operated by Silver Express was involved in an aviation accident near Valkaria, FL. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN ALTITUDE WHILE MANEUVERING. THIS RESULTED IN THE PILOT BECOMING SPATIALLY DISORIENTED AND AN IN-FLIGHT COLLISION WITH TERRAIN. This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive; 8 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 1781061362Data APIEditorial standards

A pilot departed VFR at night with known inoperative landing and instrument panel lights. Witnesses reported broken sky, low ambient light, and no visible horizon. The pilot, attempting to maintain visual reference with another aircraft, became spatially disoriented, leading to an unnoticed loss of altitude and collision with terrain.

Departure and Equipment Deficiencies

The pilot departed under visual flight rules (VFR) at night, despite known deficiencies in the aircraft's equipment. Specifically, the landing lights and instrument panel lights were inoperative at the time of departure.

Environmental Conditions

Witnesses at the departure location described a broken sky condition with a low level of ambient light. Additionally, there was no visible horizon, which can impair a pilot's ability to maintain spatial orientation.

Pilot Actions and Spatial Disorientation

After takeoff, the pilot reported attempting to maintain visual reference with another airplane that had departed ahead of him. During this effort, the pilot became spatially disoriented. This disorientation led to an unnoticed loss of altitude while the aircraft was in a turn. The aircraft subsequently collided with terrain during flight.

Investigation Findings

The investigation noted the pilot's decision to conduct the flight with known equipment deficiencies and the challenging environmental conditions. The pilot's spatial disorientation during the attempt to follow another aircraft was identified as a key element in the sequence of events.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001212X18342. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.