Casualties unknown

Midair Collision Between A6E and Agricultural Aircraft on VR-1354 (USN)

Steptoe, WA, US

On April 14, 1993, a Grumman A6E (registration USN) operated by United States Navy was involved in an aviation accident near Steptoe, WA. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: THE INHERENT LIMITATIONS OF THE SEE-AND-AVOID CONCEPT OF SEPARATION OF AIRCRAFT OPERATING UNDER VISUAL FLIGHT RULES THAT PRECLUDED THE CREW OF THE A6E AND THE PILOT OF THE AGCAT FROM RECOGNIZING A COLLISION HAZARD AND TAKING ACTIONS TO AVOID A MIDAIR… This summary draws on records from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive; 1 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archivePrimary reportUpdated 2026-07-04Data APIEditorial standards

An A6E and an agcat collided on route VR-1354 at 200 ft AGL with a 59-degree convergence angle and 429 kts closure speed. The agcat pilot was unaware of military aircraft publications; FSS reported the route hot 24 hours.

Aircraft Tracks

The A6E was flying at 200 feet above ground level (AGL) on a magnetic heading of 033 degrees at an indicated airspeed of 468 knots, operating under visual flight rules (VFR) on published route VR-1354. Simultaneously, an agricultural aircraft (agcat) was flying at 200 feet AGL on a heading of 334 degrees at 96 knots, also VFR, crossing the route en route to its destination spray field. The two aircraft converged with a collision angle of 59 degrees and a closure speed of 429 knots.

Communications

Prior to the collision, the A6E pilot notified the Flight Service Station (FSS) that he was entering the route late and projected exiting 8 minutes after the published closure time of the route. The agcat pilot reported that he was unaware of any information or publications regarding the operation of military aircraft in the area. Additionally, the local FSS was in the habit of reporting route VR-1354 as 'hot' 24 hours a day, rather than adhering to the precise schedule.

Visual Acquisition Information

The convergence angle of the A6E relative to the agcat was 111 degrees, placing the A6E at the 8 o'clock position and behind the agcat's left wing. The convergence angle of the agcat relative to the A6E was 10 degrees. At the projected closure speed, the agcat would have subtended an angle of 0.2 degrees at 8.6 seconds before impact, while the A6E would have subtended an angle of 0.2 degrees at 19.2 seconds before impact.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 14 Apr 1993 Grumman A6E accident near Steptoe, WA?

An A6E and an agcat collided on route VR-1354 at 200 ft AGL with a 59-degree convergence angle and 429 kts closure speed. The agcat pilot was unaware of military aircraft publications; FSS reported the route hot 24 hours.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 14 Apr 1993 involved a Grumman A6E, registration USN, operated by United States Navy, at Steptoe, WA.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

THE INHERENT LIMITATIONS OF THE SEE-AND-AVOID CONCEPT OF SEPARATION OF AIRCRAFT OPERATING UNDER VISUAL FLIGHT RULES THAT PRECLUDED THE CREW OF THE A6E AND THE PILOT OF THE AGCAT FROM RECOGNIZING A COLLISION HAZARD AND TAKING ACTIONS TO AVOID A MIDAIR COLLISION.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001211X12242. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.