Nose Landing Gear Collapse Due to Component Fatigue

Casualties unknown • Seattle, WA, US

The nose landing gear of an aircraft collapsed during the landing roll-out following the structural failure of the upper lock link.

What happened

During the landing roll-out, the nose landing gear collapsed. The incident occurred as the aircraft was completing its landing sequence on the runway.

The investigation

An examination of the nose landing gear identified that the nose gear upper lock link (PN 3914464-503) had failed and separated into two pieces. This specific component was subject to recurring non-destructive testing (NDT) every 5,000 cycles in accordance with AD 97-02-10. The operator had performed an eddy current inspection on the link 1,075 cycles prior to the accident.

Investigators determined that the link was part of a series manufactured from plate stock instead of being forged. This manufacturing change meant the machined parts lacked draft angle allowances, which reduced the load-carrying cross-sectional area compared to forged links, thereby decreasing overall strength.

Metallurgical analysis showed approximately 10,000 major fatigue progression cycles within about 0.6 inches of the crack progression. Given that there are two major stress cycles per gear retraction and extension cycle, calculations indicated the crack length would have been greater than 0.25 inches at the time of the inspection 1,075 cycles before the accident.

Findings

Investigators found that the inspection procedure provided by the airframe manufacturer did not require the removal of the upper lock link from the aircraft for recurring NDT. Furthermore, NTSB and FAA inspectors noted that access to the upper lock link for NDT was limited when the part remained installed on the airplane.

Probable cause

The failure of the nose gear upper lock link due to reduced strength from a change in manufacturing process from forging to machining from plate stock, which allowed fatigue cracks to progress undetected.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1997-09-02 Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-82 (MD-82) accident near Seattle, WA?

The nose landing gear of an aircraft collapsed during the landing roll-out following the structural failure of the upper lock link.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1997-09-02 involved a Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-82 (MD-82), registration N951AS, operated by Alaska Airlines, at Seattle, WA.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The failure of the nose gear upper lock link due to reduced strength from a change in manufacturing process from forging to machining from plate stock, which allowed fatigue cracks to progress undetected.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001208X08922. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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