94 fatalities

Aviation Accident: Aircraft Collision with Mt El Cumbal (HC-BLF)

Mt El Cumbal, ColombiaFlight

On January 28, 2002, a Boeing 727-100 (registration HC-BLF) operated by Transportes Aéreos Mercantiles Ecuatorianos - TAME was involved in an aviation accident near Mt El Cumbal, Colombia in flight. 94 people were killed. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: The probable cause was the decision of the instructor captain and his crew to initiate and continue the operation towards Tulcán Airport below minimum weather conditions as established in the company's SOPs. This summary draws on records from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A); 16 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)Primary reportUpdated 2026-06-11Data APIEditorial standards
Boeing 727-100
Photo: Pete Macklin / CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

An aircraft carrying 94 people crashed into Mt El Cumbal near Ipiales, Colombia, after departing Quito. The crew initiated a descent below minimum weather conditions and at excessive speed, resulting in a fatal collision.

Flight Details and Departure The aircraft departed from Quito-Mariscal Sucre Airport on runway 17 at 1001LT. The flight was scheduled to Cali with an intermediate stop in Tulcán, carrying 87 passengers and 7 crew members. The flight proceeded at an altitude of 18,000 feet on airway G-675 towards Ipiales, south Colombia. At a distance of 29 NM from Tulcán, the crew received clearance to descend to 14,000 feet and was briefed on the latest weather conditions at the destination. ## Deviation from Standard Operating Procedures For unknown reasons, the crew failed to comply with the company's standard operating procedures (SOPs). They initiated the descent at an excessive speed of 230 knots, whereas the approach procedure required a speed of 180 knots. Additionally, the crew did not follow the proper approach track for Tulcán-Teniente Coronel Luis A. Mantilla Airport. ## Collision and Aftermath In poor visibility due to clouds, the aircraft struck the slope of Mt El Cumbal at an altitude of 14,700 feet. The mountain is located approximately 30 km northwest of Ipiales. The aircraft disintegrated upon impact, and all 94 occupants were killed. The wreckage was discovered 1,400 feet below the summit.

Probable cause

The probable cause was the decision of the instructor captain and his crew to initiate and continue the operation towards Tulcán Airport below minimum weather conditions as established in the company's SOPs. Additionally, inadequate navigation and operation of the aircraft by the pilot-in-command, directed by the instructor captain, involved entering the holding pattern of the Tulcán radio beacon at 230 knots IAS with a 15° bank, exceeding the maximum stipulated speed limit of 180 knots and using a bank below the recommended range of 25° to 30°. This exceeded the lateral navigation and obstacle protection limits of the holding pattern, leading to the collision with Mt El Cumbal.