Accident Sequence
Witnesses reported a normal takeoff. Radar data indicated the aircraft turned right as cleared and began cruising at 1,900 feet, heading northwest at 235 knots. Approximately 65 seconds after the crew reported clear of the control zone, the radar track ended. The aircraft was fragmented by the impact, with all flight control surfaces and aircraft extremities found at the impact site. The pitch trim was in the normal cruise setting, and the landing gear, flaps, and spoilers were retracted. Examination of the engines indicated they were operating at impact. The aircraft struck the terrain in approximately 80° nose-down, wings-level attitude, with a heading opposite to the previous direction of flight.
Simulation and Reenactment
In-flight simulator tests were conducted. Starting from level flight at 1,900 feet, the aircraft was rolled inverted and the pitch control moved aft. This maneuver produced an attitude similar to that observed at the impact point.
Occupants and Crew
The aircraft carried four occupants, all of whom were killed. There were two unauthorized passengers on board, one of whom was the copilot's wife. The copilot was new to jet operations. The impact point was in a very small region of uncontrolled airspace very near the copilot's home and relatives' homes. The aircraft departed with several discrepancies uncleared.
Probable Cause
The official probable cause is in-flight collision with terrain/water during the maneuvering phase. Findings include: dark night light condition; a maneuver attempted by the pilot in command; poor judgment; misjudged altitude; lack of total experience in type operation by both the pilot in command and the copilot; and operation with known deficiencies in equipment attempted by company maintenance personnel.