Runway Incursion Involving PT. Sriwijaya Air Boeing 737-300 at Juanda International Airport (PK-CKL)

Incident Overview and Investigation Authority On 27 January 2014, a runway incursion occurred at Juanda International Airport in Surabaya, Republic of Indonesia, involving a PT. Sriwijaya Air Boeing 737-300 with registration PK-CKL. The event was investigated by the Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT), the Indonesian national transport safety committee. The investigation was conducted in accordance with Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Organization, the Indonesian Aviation Act (UU No. 1/2009), and Government Regulation (PP No. 62/2013). The final report, designated KNKT.14.01.02.04, was published in 2014 and is intended solely for the purpose of enhancing aviation safety, without implying blame or liability. ## Flight Operations and Approach The aircraft was operating a VOR/DME approach to runway 28 at Juanda International Airport. Flight data recorder (FDR) information indicated that the aircraft's heading changed from 283° to 277° at approximately 500 feet during the final approach. The flight track recorded on the FDR was superimposed on satellite imagery to analyze the aircraft's trajectory. The aircraft ultimately made contact with taxiway SP2 rather than the intended runway, as evidenced by touchdown marks found on that taxiway. ## Aerodrome and Operational Environment The investigation examined the aerodrome layout, taxiway condition, and runway condition at Juanda International Airport. A notable finding was that the centerline marking on runway 28 was covered by rubber, which may have affected visual identification of the runway during the approach. Meteorological information, including satellite weather imagery of the Surabaya area at 0100 UTC, was reviewed as part of the factual information. Aids to navigation, including the VOR/DME approach procedure for runway 28, and air traffic control communications were also analyzed. ## Contributing Factors and Safety Actions The analysis focused on runway identification by the pilots on final approach, the decision to land, and the handling of a hazard report. The report included findings and contributing factors related to the incident. Safety actions and recommendations were directed to PT. Sriwijaya Air, AirNav Indonesia Branch Office Surabaya, Angkasa Pura I (the airport operator), and the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). The investigation also considered organizational and management information, including the safety management system (SMS) of the airport and the operator, as well as visual illusion and skills and decision-making aspects.