40 fatalities

Prestwick Airport Approach Accident Involving Four-Engine Aircraft (PH-TEN)

Prestwick, United KingdomLanding (descent or approach)

On October 20, 1948, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation (registration PH-TEN) operated by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines - Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij was involved in an aviation accident near Prestwick, United Kingdom during landing or approach. 40 people were killed. Investigators recorded the probable cause as: The accident was caused by flying too long on the downwind leg of runway 26 due to delayed pilot action after losing visual approach in foggy conditions. This summary draws on records from the Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A); 8 related events involving the same aircraft type or operator are linked below.

Sourcesthe Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)Source recordUpdated 2026-08-05Data APIEditorial standards

A four-engine aircraft crashed into a field near Prestwick Airport during a night approach to runway 26, resulting in the death of all 40 occupants after one survivor succumbed to injuries.

What happened

The incident occurred during a night descent to Prestwick Airport. While on final approach to runway 32, the captain encountered strong winds and initiated a go-around, subsequently entering a holding pattern. After receiving clearance, the crew began an approach to runway 26. The aircraft, a four-engine model named 'Nijmegen', entered patches of fog during the final phase. The pilot reported on the radio that they had hit something and requested altitude. Shortly after this transmission, the aircraft crashed in flames into a field located 5 km short of the runway threshold.

Findings

The official investigation determined that weather conditions at the time of the landing maneuver for runway 26 were below standard limits, although this was not apparent from available forecasts or personal judgment at the moment. The pilot was not blamed for commencing the procedure under those known conditions. However, it was concluded that flying too long on the downwind leg of runway 26 caused the accident. This extension was attributed to a delayed action by the pilot after losing visual reference, potentially exacerbated by stronger winds than anticipated. Other unknown circumstances could not be entirely ruled out but lacked supporting data.

Probable cause

The accident was caused by flying too long on the downwind leg of runway 26 due to delayed pilot action after losing visual approach in foggy conditions.