United Airlines Flight Flap Track Fracture Due to Corrosion

Casualties unknown • San Francisco, CA, US

A United Airlines aircraft experienced a flap track fracture during taxiing, leading to hydraulic failure and loss of brakes. The incident was caused by pitting corrosion on the outboard flange.

What happened

During the final approach, just inside the outer marker, a loud bang was heard by the crew. Immediate left aileron input was required to maintain control of the aircraft's heading. Despite this disturbance, the landing itself proceeded without incident. However, complications arose after touchdown while the aircraft was taxiing. The flight engineer reported a failure of the number four hydraulic system. This occurred as the flaps were being raised. Consequently, the captain lost normal brake functionality and had to switch to the standby braking system. At this point, a split flap indication was observed on the instrument panel.

The investigation

A thorough inspection of the aircraft revealed significant structural damage. The flap track had fractured approximately six inches aft of its forward attach point. Further analysis showed that the fracture initiated on the outboard flange number one bolthole wall due to pitting corrosion. As a result of this failure, a portion of the fore flap and a small wing panel separated from the aircraft structure.

During the process of retracting the flaps after landing, the transmission ball nut became jammed. This jamming caused the drive torque tube to fracture. The broken end of the rotating torque tube then damaged nearby hydraulic lines. This damage resulted in a complete loss of hydraulic fluid, which explained the earlier system failure reported by the crew.

Findings

The primary cause of the accident was pitting corrosion on the flap track's outboard flange. This corrosion weakened the structure until it fractured under operational loads. The subsequent mechanical failures, including the torque tube fracture and hydraulic line damage, were direct consequences of the initial structural failure. Following this incident, Boeing issued an alert service bulletin. United Airlines subsequently initiated a fleet-wide inspection to identify similar issues in other aircraft.

Probable cause

The fracture of the flap track due to pitting corrosion on the outboard flange number one bolthole wall, which led to the separation of a portion of the fore flap and wing panel, jamming of the transmission ball nut, fracturing of the drive torque tube, and subsequent damage to hydraulic lines.

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Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 1984-06-12 Boeing 747-122 accident near San Francisco, CA?

A United Airlines aircraft experienced a flap track fracture during taxiing, leading to hydraulic failure and loss of brakes. The incident was caused by pitting corrosion on the outboard flange.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 1984-06-12 involved a Boeing 747-122, registration N4712U, operated by United Airlines, at San Francisco, CA.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The fracture of the flap track due to pitting corrosion on the outboard flange number one bolthole wall, which led to the separation of a portion of the fore flap and wing panel, jamming of the transmission ball nut, fracturing of the drive torque tube, and subsequent damage to hydraulic lines.

Investigation report by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) historical archive. Original record: https://carol.ntsb.gov/event/20001214X39981. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), United States.

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