Flight History
On 20 December 2011, a Boeing 737-300 aircraft, registered PK-CKM, operated by PT. Sriwijaya Air as flight SJ230 from Soekarno Hatta International Airport, Jakarta, to Adisutjipto International Airport, Yogyakarta. The aircraft carried 141 persons: two pilots, four cabin crew, and 135 passengers (124 adults, 7 children, 4 infants). Departure from Jakarta was at 14:00 local time (07:00 UTC). The pilot in command (PIC) served as pilot flying, and the co-pilot as pilot monitoring.
At 08:10 UTC, the aircraft held 8 NM from JOG VOR due to bad weather. After a second holding, weather deteriorated further, leading the airport authority to close the airport for takeoffs and landings. The pilot requested a diversion to Juanda Airport, Surabaya, and landed there at 08:40 UTC. After refueling and receiving information about weather improvement in Yogyakarta, the aircraft departed again at 09:20 UTC. For this segment, the PIC again acted as pilot flying. The aircraft now had 137 persons on board: two pilots, four cabin crew, and 131 passengers (120 adults, 7 children, 4 infants).
Approach and Landing
While approaching Adisucipto Airport, the aircraft was fifth in a sequence of seven aircraft. Passing JOG VOR, radar showed airspeed of 203 knots at 2,700 feet. The approach controller instructed the crew to reduce speed. At approximately 1,200 feet, the pilots had the runway in sight and disengaged the autopilot and autothrottle. The PIC made corrections to the approach profile, including a bank angle up to 25 degrees and a rate of descent up to 2,040 feet per minute. The GPWS activated "pull up" and "sink rate" warnings.
The aircraft touched down at 156 knots, compared to a target landing speed of 138 knots. During the landing roll, the autobrake and spoilers activated automatically. Thrust reversers were deployed, and FDR data showed N1 increased and decreased to idle before increasing to 80% prior to the aircraft stopping. The PIC determined the aircraft could not stop on the runway and turned left. The aircraft came to a stop 75 meters from the end of runway 09 and 54 meters left of the centerline.
Evacuation and Damage
Most passengers evacuated via the left and right forward escape slides. All passengers evacuated safely; a passenger on a stretcher was evacuated by airport rescue. Six passengers reported minor injuries; all crew and remaining passengers were uninjured. The aircraft sustained major damage to the right main and nose wheel.
Investigation Findings
The official investigation noted that the aircraft was airworthy with no evidence of malfunction. Crew licenses and medical certificates were valid with no evidence of incapacitation. The flight crew did not conduct an approach crew briefing, and no checklist was read. The PIC did not have the instrument approach procedure immediately available. During approach, the PIC's course indicator was set at 091 and the SIC's at 084. Rate of descent varied, reaching up to 1,920 feet per minute, and below 500 feet AGL up to 2,040 feet per minute. The approach did not meet stabilized approach criteria per the FCOM. Several GPWS warnings occurred. Touchdown speed was 156 knots, followed by a bounce. Flaps extended to 40 after touchdown. FDR showed N1 reduction during thrust reverser activation. Crew resource management was not well implemented. Factors identified included unsuccessful recognition of fixation and complacency, which affected the pilot's decision to land despite an unstabilized approach.